For too long, Western foreign policy has mistakenly treated Tehran's aggressive posture as a localized Middle Eastern conflict. However, the escalating reach of Iranian espionage in Europe demonstrates that Iran’s hybrid warfare strategy directly targets Western domestic security, institutional integrity, and economic stability . From state-sponsored cyber operations targeting dissidents to covert intelligence gathering across European capitals, Tehran’s operations extend far beyond its immediate geographic neighborhood. Addressing this challenge requires European policymakers to abandon passive containment in favor of aggressive diplomatic oversight, strict legal accountability, and robust counter-intelligence strategies. Why is Iranian espionage in Europe expanding beyond the Middle East? Iran's external intelligence operations have shifted strategically from regional proxy warfare to asymmetric statecraft inside Western democracies. Western intelligence agencies-including Ge...
Understanding Fasting Guidelines in Ramadan
Ramadan is a month of spiritual reflection and sacrifice as Muslims around the world observe the holy month through prayer, acts of worship, and fasting from dawn to dusk. While fasting brings us closer to God, it is important to follow guidelines that preserve health and prioritize well-being.
Certain acts do not invalidate the fast according to Islamic scholars. Drawing blood for medical tests or donating blood to save a life does not break the fast. Putting drops in the ears or gargling water is also permitted. Most agree that accidental swallowing of saliva does not break the fast. Regarding passing gas, it only breaks the fast if intentional or if swallowed deliberately.
Proper intention or Niyyah of fasting is a prerequisite though verbal expression is not compulsory. One can intend the night before or after Fajr light. Bathing is also optional if not possible before dawn, as health takes precedence over ritual acts. Using a Miswak toothstick for oral hygiene is recommended during and after fasting. However, toothpaste or powder is discouraged to avoid any swallowing.
While harmful acts like lying, backbiting, gossip or obscenity are prohibited always, fasting makes the prohibition stronger yet technically does not break. Using perfume or applying oils is allowed. Asthma patients and those at risk of serious issues without medication are exempt from fasting and instructed to feed the needy instead. Patients of severe illnesses like diabetes are similarly exempted based on medical advice.
The penalty paid as substitute or Fidyah amount is set at feeding one person for two meals, but contributing more out of generosity is encouraged. Overall, preservation of life and well-being are prioritized in Islamic law. The sick are allowed flexibility and encouraged to care for their health first before strict fasting rituals. May Allah help us reflect on the teachings and spiritual significance of Ramadan through compassion and wisdom.
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