For too long, Western foreign policy has mistakenly treated Tehran's aggressive posture as a localized Middle Eastern conflict. However, the escalating reach of Iranian espionage in Europe demonstrates that Iran’s hybrid warfare strategy directly targets Western domestic security, institutional integrity, and economic stability . From state-sponsored cyber operations targeting dissidents to covert intelligence gathering across European capitals, Tehran’s operations extend far beyond its immediate geographic neighborhood. Addressing this challenge requires European policymakers to abandon passive containment in favor of aggressive diplomatic oversight, strict legal accountability, and robust counter-intelligence strategies. Why is Iranian espionage in Europe expanding beyond the Middle East? Iran's external intelligence operations have shifted strategically from regional proxy warfare to asymmetric statecraft inside Western democracies. Western intelligence agencies-including Ge...
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has finished reviewing Pakistan’s economic reform program and approved the release of $700 million. This brings the total disbursed under the $3 billion Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) to $1.9 billion.
The funding is expected to stabilize the Pakistani rupee and help in managing external debt. The program, set to conclude in April, aims to support Pakistan’s economic stabilization.
Despite high inflation, Pakistan is likely to enter a new agreement with the IMF for continued support, highlighting the country’s historical reliance on IMF assistance with 24 arrangements since 1950.
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